By exploiting the body bias technique to the positive feedback transistors, the hysteresis of the proposed Schmitt trigger is generated, and it can be adjusted by the applied bias voltage to the bulk terminal of the. This allows the relations governing the deviations of the circuit thresholds from their given values to be obtained. The trigger is subdivided into two subcircuits each of them is considered as a passive load for the other. The approach is based on studying the transient from one stable state to another when the trigger is in linear operation. parameter, optimal hysteresis can be chosen for the reasonable performance deterioration. This paper presents a sub-threshold differential CMOS Schmitt trigger with tunable hysteresis, which can be used to enhance the noise immunity of low-power electronic systems. CMOS Schmitt trigger design with given circuit thresholds is described. Furthermore, this research resulted in the following theoretical contributions: (1) The concept of a "symmetric trail cover" (STC), (2) lower-bounds on the cardinality of STCs, (3) an optimum linear-time algorithm to find minimum STCs for certain special cases. nificant area reduction compared with CMOS Schmitt triggers. This minimizes circuit oscillations if the logic level transition is slow or multiple triggers if theres a small amount of noise on the signal. Schmitt trigger means the logic level going high is greater than the logic level going low. The algorithm is analyzed in detail and proved to be optimum for some classes of circuits. CMOS logic level is nominally 1/2 the supply voltage. Other matching constraints are considered in a pair of pre- and post-processing phases. We introduce a linear-time algorithm that satisfies all symmetry constraints. Our iterative improvement algorithm reliably finds the optimum solution for a wide set of benchmarks in only a few CPU seconds.In the analog CMOS domain, the primary objective of diffusion sharing is to reduce the parasitic capacitances of critical diffusion regions subject to matching constraints. The performance of all three approaches are compared. Figure 2.6 Schematic of a Schmitt trigger. 4.2 Actual Layouts Used 50 4.2.1 Layout of the Band gap reference. Finally, the third is a novel and fast technique which uses iterative improvement to modify an Eulerian trail incrementally to generate a new quasi-random one. This design has been fabricated using a 0.35- m bulk CMOS process available through MOSIS. The second is an integer linear programming formulation of the problem. The first method is a simple enumeration algorithm. We describe three algorithms that minimize the wiring complexity while keeping the width at a minimum. In the digital CMOS domain, the objectives are reducing the width and the wiring complexity of the layout at the diffusion level. This thesis proposes a set of new techniques for diffusion sharing in the layout of CMOS circuits.
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